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History 1006 serves as an introduction to the discipline of history and its expectations at the university level. 2000-numbered courses indicate an intermediate level of historical investigation taught from several different perspectives; at this level students will be expected to learn basic skills of conducting historical research and constructing written historical argument. 3000-numbered courses indicate a more advanced and more concentrated level of area of historical investigation. 4000-numbered courses designate Honours Seminars and are taught at an advanced level of historical investigation, presentation, and criticism.

NOTE: First-year students may enroll in 2000-level courses, but we recommend that they begin the study of history with History 1006.

Not all courses listed are offered each year. Please consult with the department chair for more information about current and planned course offerings.

WORLD

1006. World History
This course provides an overview of world history, from earliest times to the present. Major themes include human relationships with the environment, cultural exchanges between peoples, and the interconnectedness of the human experience. 6 credit hours.

2053. World History Since the Second World War
This course examines developments in world history since the Second World War, such as the emergence of the Cold War, decolonization, the growth of American power and struggles for human rights. It also explores the consequences of urbanization, demographic growth, technological change, and environmental degradation. 3 credit hours.

3503. Social Movements That Have Changed the Modern World
This course examines social movements of the post World War II period, such as struggles of national liberation, movements against racism, militarism, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the emergence of a youth counter-culture, struggles for women's rights, indigenous people's rights, grassroots democracy, on behalf of the poor and disempowered, in defence of the environment, and against neo-liberal globalization. The course considers the historical roots of various movements as well as the context of their emergence, their scope, the continuities and discontinuities among them, and their impact on today's world. 3 credit hours.

3413. Citizens and Citizenship in World History
This course will explore concepts and practices of citizenship from early complex and classical societies until the present day. Emphasis will be on the modern period and will include such themes as: the tension between rights and duties; the regulation of new social classes, aboriginal and immigrant groups; attempts to control the exuberance of youth; gender and citizenship; the twentieth century "rights revolution"; the assertion of "Asian values"; and the recent emphasis on citizenship as consumerism. 3 credit hours.

3403. Water in World History
This course examines the significance of water to human history, beginning with early agricultural societies and the development of hydraulic empires in Africa and Asia. It explores how humans have sought to manage water for agriculture, urban consumption, industry, and other purposes, and it considers the social, cultural, political, and environmental consequences of these developments. It gives particular attention to the extraordinary developments of the 20th century and the significance they hold for environmental change, human welfare, and international conflict. 3 credit hours.

3783. Film and History
Explores the relationship between film and history, paying close attention to film as an historical artifact and film as a means of historical interpretation. In studying films produced primarily in North America, Latin America, and Europe, students in this course will be asked to develop a vocabulary of film, and to try to analyse the meaning and significance of film, both as artifact and interpretation. Writing will require that students make their own arguments about how we should understand the complicated relationship between visual media and history. 3 credit hours.

3863. Canadian Women and the World (GEND)
This course will examine the role of Canadian women as interpreters of Canada to the rest of the world and their efforts to cross national and ethnic boundaries during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Possible topics include the contribution of women to early travel books and immigrant literature, women novelists, poets and performers who sold their work outside the country, women missionaries, women's role in international politics, including the international women's movement, communism, pacifism, and the League of Nations and women journalists whose sphere extended beyond Canada. This will be primarily a directed research course requiring student reports and papers rather than a lecture course. Prerequisite: History 2886 or History 2813 or 2823. 3 credit hours.

3923. Canadian Land Struggles in Comparative International Perspective to 1945
This course examines how peoples living in the region that became Canada thought about their relationship to the land, and acted to maintain these relationships in the period prior to the end of the Second World War. The course uses case studies to explore the struggles of indigenous peoples, métis, and immigrants. It situates their responses to land issues in terms of broader patterns of change in North America and elsewhere, particularly land struggles in other settings that had a direct bearing on those in the region that became Canada. 3 credit hours.

3933. Canadian Land Struggles in Comparative Global Perspective Since 1945
This course examines how peoples living in Canada thought about their relationship to the
land, and acted to maintain these relationships in the period following the Second World War. It explores the struggles of indigenous peoples, métis, and European settlers and their descendants. Using case studies, the course situates their responses to land issues in terms of broader patterns of global history. It includes consideration of aboriginal land claims, the struggles of communities that have resisted relocation and infringements on their lands, and the rise of an environmental movement. 3 credit hours.

4126. Topics in Global History
This course will examine specific themes in global history. The topics will change from year to year, but might include issues such as the role of cities in history, the rise and fall of peasantries, patterns of migration, the emergence of global institutions, cultural and material exchanges, and the possibilities of a global environmental history. 6 credit hours.

4136. Historians and World History
This seminar course examines the writing of world history. It considers the growth of the field, some of the main scholars who have written world histories, and the conceptualizations which have informed their writing. Prerequisite: HIST 1006. 6 credit hours.

4156. Revolutions in the Modern World
From the French Revolution to the Velvet Revolution of 1989-1990, this course examines 200 years of revolutions across the modern world. Taking a broad, comparative approach, the course explores the origins, processes, and results of a wide variety of revolutionary political changes. There is no prerequisite, but at least one previous course in some aspect of the history of the modern world is strongly recommended. 6 credit hours.

REGIONS (AFRICA)

2136. Introduction to African History
This course introduces students to the dynamics of African history and cultures, while challenging pervasive stereotypes and misperceptions about Africa. The class is designed to appeal to history and non-history majors alike. 6 credit hours.

3573. African History in Global Context
This course explores the relationship between African History and the main patterns of global history. It considers issues such as trade, migration, cultural exchange and global politics. 3 credit hours.

REGIONS (The Americas)

2406. The Making of the Atlantic World 1450-1914
A study of European colonialism in the Americas and Africa. Explores the ways that European, African, and indigenous peoples all contributed to the making of an interconnected Atlantic world. Examines the economic, cultural, racial, and environmental implications of colonialism. 6 credit hours.

2433. A Comparative History of North America to 1800
This course is designed to acquaint students with broad developments in the history of North America, north of the Rio Grande. In the course of studying the North American continent, we will examine the experiences of contact between indigenous and immigrant cultures; the transmission of European ideas and institutions to the American hemisphere; the influence of the Atlantic system of commerce on regional economies; and the struggles of various people in the Americas to define themselves and others. You will be asked to draw connections between major events and occurrences, and to try to find coherence in distant, contemporaneous events. 3 credit hours.

2613. Latin America: Colonial Period
This course surveys three centuries of Latin American history from first contacts between the Spanish and Native American civilizations to Latin American revolutions for Independence. Major themes include various types of relations between the founding peoples and the development of colonial social, political, economic, and religious institutions. 3 credit hours.

2623. Latin America: Modern Period
This course surveys the history of Latin America from post-Independence to the recent past. Major themes include the struggles of early nationhood, modernization, imperialism, twentieth-century social change, and social revolutions. 3 credit hours.

3773. Urban North America
Addresses developments within and among North American cities and explores changes in the conception of cities in North American thought and culture. We will study the lives of urban dwellers and chart shifts in the way people organized their lives in cities. Major themes for this course include the changing physical structure and form of cities over time, processes of urbanization and suburbanization, city planing and reform movements, the economics of cities, urban institutions, urban populations, and city politics. We will ask "does the border make a difference?" in our investigation of Urban North America. 3 credit hours.

3613. Gender and Power in Latin American History (GEND)
Why did the Cuban revolution set out to create a 'new man'? How did Eva Perón become the world's most powerful first lady? Why have women led most human rights movements in Latin America? These are some of the questions to be explored in this course which examines historical relationships between men and women and ideas about masculinity and femininity in Latin America. 3 credit hours.

3653. Spanish South America
This course deals with the histories of selected nations of Spanish South America such as Peru, Chile, and Argentina, in the twentieth century. It examines the political, social, and economic systems of each nation. 3 credit hours.

4606. Twentieth-century Latin America (Honours Seminar)
A study of political and social developments in Latin American republics during this century. Topics to be discussed will include the social revolutions and political leaders of this part of the Third World. 6 credit hours.

4756. Topics in North American History (Honours Seminar)
This seminar will focus on the processes of researching and writing history by examining specific problems in North American history first hand. You will devise and complete an independent, original research project with collaboration and assistance from classmates and the instructor, on a topic in North American History to be determined in consultation with the instructor. In the first semester of this course, you will be required to define your topic of study, then submit a research proposal with a succinct and annotated discussion of your sources, and finally to submit a rough draft of your writing. As each semester proceeds, you will be asked to make presentations of your research. Such presentations will include the questions you seek to answer, the discoveries or impediments you confront in your researching, and your insights into the process and challenges of writing history as the project unfolds. 6 credit hours.

REGIONS (ASIA)

2173. Modern Asia
This course surveys the history of East Asia (China, Japan, Korea), South Asia (India), and Southeast Asia from the 1500s to the contemporary period. It examines the state of Asian civilizations in the 16th century, the gradual domination of Asia by the Western powers, and the dynamic and varied responses made by the peoples of Asia to the changes in their traditional societies from the 16th to the 21st centuries. 3 credit hours.

2183. History of Modern India
The course will explore the political, social, and cultural history of the Indian subcontinent in the modern period, from c. 1500 onward. It will consider the Mughals, the 18th century successor states, British colonialization, and post-colonial India to the present day. 3 credit hours.

REGIONS (EUROPE)

2033. Early Modern Europe
An introduction to early modern European civilization from its origin to the era of the French Revolution. The course is taught in several sections, each of which takes a different approach to the subject. All sections require written assignments and introduce students to acceptable methods of historical research and writing. Normally restricted to first-year students. 3 credit hours.

2043. Modern Europe
An introduction to modern European civilization from the era of the French Revolution to the twentieth century. The course follows History 2033 chronologically but has no prerequisite. All sections require written assignments and emphasize acceptable methods of historical research and writing. Normally restricted to first-year students. 3 credit hours.

2206. Medieval Europe
A survey of Western Europe from the end of the Roman Empire, and the appearance of the Germanic peoples until the beginnings of the Renaissance. The survey will centre on developments in what are now France and Germany, but there will also be some reference to areas such as Italy, England, and the Byzantine Empire. 6 credit hours.

3213. The Early Church (RELG)
This course deals with the beginnings and early development of the Christian Church up to the end of the sixth century and the time of Gregory the Great. During this period we will examine such things as the early spreading of the Church to the West, the relations between the Church and the Roman Empire, and then the relations with the Germanic kingdoms. An effort will be made to point out the impact that these different cultures had on the developing Church. We will also examine the emergence of institutions such as the papacy and monasticism. In the course of this semester, there will also be a brief look at doctrinal and liturgical developments in the Early Church. 3 credit hours.

3223. The Medieval Church (RELG)
This course deals with the history of the Church from the time of Gregory the Great in the sixth century to the end of the fifteenth century. For the most part we will deal with the Western Church, although there will be some treatment of the relations that existed with the East. The theme that will run throughout the course is that of the interaction between the Church and the society of this period. Among the topics that will be covered will be the Merovingian and Carolingian Church and the role of such leaders as Charlemagne, the Gregorian Reform Movement and the clash with the Emperor, the development and contribution to medieval society, the emergence of the pilgrimage and the crusade, the religious unrest of the later Middle Ages, and the growth of the medieval papacy. 3 credit hours.

3233. The Catholic Reformation (RELG)
Examines the reform tradition within the Roman Catholic Church from the fourteenth century toFrench Revolution. Particular attention is paid to the Council of Trent, the new papal bureaucracy, charities and foreign missions. French examples are most frequently studied; the course should interest students of New France as well as students of European history. 3 credit hours.

3263. European Social Policy in Comparative Perspective
This course traces the development of social policy in Europe since the end of the 19th century and examines how governments became involved not only in assuring citizens' defense and freedom, but also their overall well being. 3 credit hours.

3313. Fin de Siècle Europe (1900)
By 1900, modern contemporary Europe had come into being. For a century, Europeans had experienced dramatic material progress while avoiding prolonged general wars. While some contemporaries expected the further evolution of the millennium, others recognized signs of the impending crises and disasters that the new century would bring. A cultural, economic, political, and social analysis of Europe in 1900. 3 credit hours.

3323. War and Revolution: Europe in the Age of World War I (1900-25)
World War I was a turning point in history; it ended a "Golden Age" of relative peace and optimism and gave us our first experience with total war. Not only did World War I sanction violence on a mass scale, but it also provoked the collapse of three empires and helped pave the way for revolution and authoritarianism. This course examines these and other related issues. 3 credit hours.

3333. The Age of the Dictators (1922-1945)
The years 1922-1945 were characterized by extreme personal dictatorships, extensive social engineering, nationalism, genocide on a massive scale, and total war. This course will examine the European authoritarian regimes under Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler. It will explore how these leaders came to power, how they gained and retained the support of the population in each country, and how other nations responded to these regimes. 3 credit hours.

3343. Europe Since 1945
An analysis of Europe from the close of World War II to the collapse of the communist bloc. The course will focus on Europe's recovery, her role in the Cold War, the evolving and competing power blocs, and the end of the European schism. 3 credit hours.

4206. Medieval Institutions (Seminar)
A seminar dealing with some of the more prominent aspects of life in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The main emphasis will be on the main lines of the social and institutional history of the late Middle Ages. 6 credit hours.

STATE, NATION, AND LOCALITY (THE AMERICAS)

2713. Aspects of 19th Century U.S. History
The course deals with major social, cultural, and political aspects of American history during the 19th century. It is not a survey course, but follows themes chosen at the discretion of the course instructor. Major aspects explored can include the frontier, the culture of womanhood, immigration, Native history, honour and violence in the Old South, slavery and race relations, consumer culture, and party politics. No prerequisites. 3 credit hours.

2723. Aspects of 20th Century United States History
Using the interrelated themes of economic opportunity, political participation, and social equality, this course examines some of the profound transformations of American society, culture, economics, and politics. Topics will include: the rise of American economic and military strength, the emergence of a new kind of citizenship, and the rapid expansion of American cultural production and consumer culture. 3 credit hours.

2723. United States: Reconstruction to 21st Century
The continuation of the introductory survey HIST 2733. This course explores and examines some major developments in the United States, from the conclusion of the Civil War up to the present. Major issues include the legacy of the end of slavery in the United States, the expanded economic and military role of the US in the world, the emergence of transforming social movements, the changing role of the state, and American popular culture. 3 credit hours.

2733. United States: Colonial Settlement to Civil War
An introductory survey that explores and examines some major developments in what
becomes the United States, from early European colonization up to the Civil War of the mid-19th century. Major issues include relations with Native peoples, slavery, the African-American experience, revolution and independence, economic development, political and intellectual traditions, and social change. 3 credit hours.

2806. Canada to the Present
This course is a general survey of Canadian history from the early development of native civilisations to the present. It is designed to serve as a base for more extensive studies as well as to give students a general knowledge of Canadian history. 6 credit hours. (Not open to students who have taken HIST2813 or 2823.)

2813. Canada to Confederation (NATI)
This survey course introduces students to some of the basic skills needed by historians and some crucial factors in the development of Canada. It examines Canadian history from the first evidence of Native presence, through the days of fur trading, exploration, the development of New France, the Conquest, the changes in Native lifestyles, Canada's rebellions in 1837, to the establishment of Canada as a nation in 1867. Not open to students who have taken HIST 2806. 3 credit hours.

2823. Canada since Confederation (NATI)
This course examines Canada's development as a nation separate from Britain and the United States. It also looks at the effect on Canadians of the growth of towns and industry, the changing role of women, the arrival of large numbers of immigrants, two world wars, a major depression, the swinging sixties, growing demand for separatism in Quebec, and the recession and renewed conservatism of the 1980s and 1990s. HIST 2813 recommended, but not required. Not open to students who have taken HIST 2806. 3 credit hours.

2853. Canadian Social and Cultural History 1900-1945
A course in social history that concentrates on the experiences of Canadian peoples between 1900 and 1945. Several themes examine "factors of identity" that helped to define the lives of Canadian people during this phase of Canadian history, including gender, ethnicity, family life, and the world of work. We shall also consider the role the state played in creating, regulating, and mediating these identities. 3 credit hours.

2863. Canadian Social and Cultural History after 1945
A course in social history that concentrates on the experiences of Canadian peoples after 1945, during the height of the Canadian welfare state. The general thematic identities that this course will explore, as in History 2853, will include gender, ethnicity, family life, and the world of work. We shall also consider the role the state played in affecting many facets of Canadians' lives. 3 credit hours.

2886.Women in Canadian History (GEND)
This course looks at the history of Canada from pre-colonial times to the present day from the perspectives of women of the time. Discussion and independent study on topics of interest to the students will be encouraged. Previous courses in Canadian history will be useful but are not essential. 6 credit hours.

3633. Mexico
This course deals with the history of Mexico as a nation. It will concentrate on such themes as revolution, economic growth, land reform, race and gender relations, and cultural movements. 3 credit hours.

3713. The Coming of the American Civil War, 1828-1861
Deals with the antebellum decades including such themes as the growth and disintegration of national political parties, the development of sectionalism, westward expansion, the Mexican War, slavery, and the widening split between North and South that ended in Civil War. 3 credit hours.

3733. The United States: Gilded Age to Cold War
This course explores the history of the United States from the end of the 19th century up to the Cold War era of the mid-twentieth century. Topics of study include the expansion of corporate capitalism, reform movements, women's suffrage, modernism, the Jazz Age, urbanization and suburbanization, the Great Depression, and the home-front during the World Wars. We will examine such themes through readings, film, lectures, class discussions, original research presentations, and group work. Prerequisite: At least 3 credit hours in United States history. 3 credit hours.

3743. The United States Since 1945
This course examines the changing place in the world of the United States, the superpower of the 20th century, and analyses its character as a society. The course surveys political, social, and cultural trends from the role of the US in the 1940s as a military and economic colossus to its decline in the present postmodern, post-industrial world. It deals with such topics as the Cold War, Civil Rights, Vietnam, women's liberation, suburban life, consumerism, the corporations and unions, popular culture, the 1960s "counter culture", and the Internet. Prerequisite: At least 3 credit hours in United States history. 3 credit hours.

3763. Making a Living in the United States Since the Civil War
Thematically examines profound shifts in the American economy, focusing on the effects that such changes had on the daily lives of Americans as well as the political economics that promoted these transformations. We will explore the growth of industrial capitalism, the rise of "Big Business," the emergence of urban-industrial life, the New South, the rise of business unionism, attempts at economic reform, the Great War, the Great Depression and New Deal recovery programmes, economic expansion during World War II and its consequences, especially for women and African Americans, the creation of an interwar and post-war consumer/military economy, the triumph and crisis of capitalist agriculture, the New Frontier and Great Society, stagflation in the 1970s, and de-industrialization and the political power of corporations in the 1980s and 1990s. 3 credit hours.

3833. Growing Up in Canada, 1800-1914
This course explores the various aspects of childhood and adolescence in Canada during the pre-World War I period. It discusses changes over time and compares the Canadian experience to that of the U.S. and Britain. 3 credit hours.

3843. The Atlantic Provinces to Confederation
A study of the history of the Atlantic provinces with particular emphasis on the settlement and development prior to Confederation. 3 credit hours.

3853. Atlantic Provinces Since Confederation
Surveys the history of the region from Confederation to the present day, with focus on the Maritimes within Confederation. (Social, economic, and political change). 3 credit hours.

3873. Immigrants in Canada 1870-Present
This course examines the position of immigrants in Canadian society from the arrival of the railway workers after Confederation to the present. The conditions that led immigrants to leave their homeland and the economic and social policies that led to their arrival in Canada will be considered, as well as the nature of immigrant communities and their contribution and adaptation to Canada. 3 credit hours.

3883. New France
This course focuses on the development of a French Canadian society and its interaction with the traditions and requirements of France. Topics studied include relations with Native Canadians, fur trade society, New France as a military outpost, religion in the colony, the results of France's social and economic policies, cultural development as a product of French civilisation and as an adaptation to local conditions, and the changing relationships between the sexes and social groups within French Canadian society. 3 credit hours.

3893. Quebec Since The Conquest
This course focuses on the distinctive characteristics of French Canadian society and its relationship with the rest of British North America. Topics include interpretations of the Conquest, rebellion and the use of British parliamentary institutions, control of industry, nationalism, church and state relations, the role of women, attitudes to minorities, art and literature, experiences in the Depression and World Wars, separatism and the background to current political and social problems. 3 credit hours.

3903. Acadians in the Maritimes
The social, economic, and political development of Maritime Acadians will be studied in an effort to understand why they became and remain a society distinct from both Quebec and English Canada. The primary focus will be New Brunswick Acadians. 3 credit hours.

3963. Modernity and the Rise of Consumerism in Canada, 1880-1980
This course offers a thematic examination of the impact of modernity and consumerism on 20th century Canada. Through a combination of lectures and seminars the course examines topics such as honeymoons, films, university student initiations, tourism, and advertising campaigns in order to explore and evaluate the impact of capitalism and consumerism on Canadian life. Prerequisite: HIST 2806 or HIST 2823. 3 credit hours.

3973. The Canadian North: Image and Reality since the First World War
This course focuses on the period since the First World War and examines the development of Native Nations in the area, the interaction between them and non-Native Canadians, and the economic and political significance of northern development. No prerequisite, but an introductory course in Canadian History Since Confederation or a course in recent Canadian history will be useful. 3 credit hours.

4816. Topics in Canadian Social History (Honours Seminar)
A seminar on specific topics in Canadian social history. The topics will change from year to year. Enrolment is limited to Honours students and others admitted with the permission of the instructor. Prerequisite: HIST 2813 & 2823 or a course on pre-Confederation Canada. 6 credit hours.

4856. Nationalism in French Canada (Honours Seminar) (POLS 4106)
This course will examine the changing interpretations of nationalism in French Canada during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and their effect on the development of the present-day province of Quebec. Prerequisite: HIST 2823 or HIST 3893. 6 credit hours.

STATE, NATION, AND LOCALITY (EUROPE)

2153. Early Irish History (IRSH)
A survey of Irish history from the early Christian era to the Great Famine. The changing character of political, religious, and social life will be examined. 3 credit hours.

2163. Modern Irish History (IRSH)
This course is an examination of Irish society from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Special attention will be paid to political, military, religious and class conflict. 3 credit hours.

2513. Early Russian Civilization: Sources and Interpretations
Introduction to the elements that made up Russian civilization from earliest recorded pre-
Christian times to the end of the seventeenth century and the time of Tsar Peter I, as evidenced in various contemporary sources as well as in various interpretations of later observers and historians. 3 credit hours.

2523. Modern Russian Civilization: Sources and Interpretations
Introduction to the elements that made up Russian civilization from the time of Emperor Peter the Great to that of Stalin, as evidenced in various contemporary sources as well as in various interpretations of later observers and historians. 3 credit hours.

3363. Germany 1871-1945
Twice within a generation Germany was the central participant in a world war. Why? In this course Germany's domestic (economic, social, cultural, political) developments and her external relations will be examined. 3 credit hours.

3373. The Germanies Since 1945
The defeat of Nazi Germany and the falling out of the victors led to the enforced division of Germany. By 1949, two separate German states: 1) the Germany Democratic Republic and 2) the Federal Republic of Germany, had come into existence. This course examines the story of Germany in the second half of the twentieth century. 3 credit hours.

3543. Religion and the Church in Early Russia (RELG)
The Russian religious experience from the time of the early Slavs to the time of Ivan the Terrible in the Muscovite period. The course will examine the pre-Christian religion of the eastern Slavs to the tenth century A.D., the nature of Eastern (Byzantine) Orthodoxy and the Christianization of the Kievan Russians, the Church during the rule of the Tatars, and the relationship between Church and State in the Muscovite Period, particularly under the influence of the "Josephites". 3 credit hours.

SPECIAL

2003. The Nature of History
The theory and the practice, the art and science, the challenges and the rewards of reading and writing history. We shall examine the different historiographical views of various historians. We shall attempt to answer the questions: What is history? What makes good history? Primarily discussion classes. Limited enrolment. Priority to declared Honours and Majors in History. 3 credit hours.

4906-4996. Independent Study
With the approval of the Department, students (normally Honours candidates) may undertake one full-year course of independent study as an alternative to an Honours seminar. Such a course would be undertaken under the direction of a member of the history Department and must result in at least one scholarly paper. Application to take an independent study course must be made to the Director of Honours. The application must include a written proposal indicating the reason for doing an independent study, as well as a description of the specific area of interest, a statement of research topic, and a preliminary bibliography. 6 credit hours.

4996. Independent Study: Work Option
Honours or majors students, or those with considerable experience in history-related employment, may apply to the Chair for admission to this course. GPA of at least 3.00 in History courses is required. The course begins in the winter term with four classes and a paper on the use of historical method in applied professional fields such as museum work, oral history, and archival work. It includes 78 hours of work in the student's chosen field at a level satisfactory to the employer or supervisor, and a research project associated with that work resulting in at least one scholarly research paper. All requirements should be completed before the beginning of the next fall semester. Not an alternative to an Honours seminar. 6 credit hours.

NOTE: Not all courses listed are offered each year. Please consult with the
Department Chair for more information about current and planned course offerings.

University of New Brunswick Courses
St. Thomas students are advised that upper-level history courses offered at UNB, which
are not offered at St. Thomas, may, with the permission of the Chair of the St. Thomas
history Department and the registrar be taken for credit. Please see the UNB calendar for
course descriptions.

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